Lukas 20:21-26

20:21 Thus ¹  they asked him, “Teacher, we know that you speak and teach correctly, ²  and show no partiality, but teach the way of God in accordance with the truth. ³  20:22 Is it right ⁴  for us to pay the tribute tax ⁵  to Caesar ⁶  or not?” 20:23 But Jesus ⁷  perceived their deceit ⁸  and said to them, 20:24 “Show me a denarius. ⁹  Whose image ¹⁰  and inscription are on it?” ¹¹  They said, “Caesar’s.” 20:25 So ¹²  he said to them, “Then give to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s, and to God the things that are God’s.” ¹³  20:26 Thus ¹⁴  they were unable in the presence of the people to trap ¹⁵  him with his own words. ¹⁶  And stunned ¹⁷  by his answer, they fell silent.

Lukas 23:2

23:2 They ¹⁸  began to accuse ¹⁹  him, saying, “We found this man subverting ²⁰  our nation, forbidding ²¹  us to pay the tribute tax ²²  to Caesar ²³  and claiming that he himself is Christ, ²⁴  a king.”

[20:21]  ¹ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “thus” to indicate the implied result of the plans by the spies.

[20:21]  ² tn Or “precisely”; Grk “rightly.” Jesus teaches exactly, the straight and narrow.

[20:21]  ³ sn Teach the way of God in accordance with the truth. Very few comments are as deceitful as this one; they did not really believe this at all. The question was specifically designed to trap Jesus.

[20:22]  ⁴ tn Or “lawful,” that is, in accordance with God’s divine law. On the syntax of ἔξεστιν (exestin) with an infinitive and accusative, see BDF §409.3.

[20:22]  ⁵ tn This was a “poll tax.” L&N 57.182 states this was “a payment made by the people of one nation to another, with the implication that this is a symbol of submission and dependence – ‘tribute tax.’”

[20:22]  ⁶ tn Or “to the emperor” (“Caesar” is a title for the Roman emperor).

[20:23]  ⁷ tn Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[20:23]  ⁸ tn Or “craftiness.” The term always has negative connotations in the NT (1 Cor 3:19; 2 Cor 4:2; 11:3; Eph 4:14).

[20:24]  ⁹ tn Here the specific name of the coin was retained in the translation, because not all coins in circulation in Palestine at the time carried the image of Caesar. In other places δηνάριον (dhnarion) has been translated simply as “silver coin” with an explanatory note.

[20:24]  sn A denarius was a silver coin worth approximately one day’s wage for a laborer. The fact that the leaders had such a coin showed that they already operated in the economic world of Rome. The denarius would have had a picture of Tiberius Caesar, the Roman emperor, on it.

[20:24]  ¹⁰ tn Or “whose likeness.”

[20:24]  sn In this passage Jesus points to the image (Grk εἰκών, eikwn) of Caesar on the coin. This same Greek word is used in Gen 1:26 (LXX) to state that humanity is made in the “image” of God. Jesus is making a subtle yet powerful contrast: Caesar’s image is on the denarius, so he can lay claim to money through taxation, but God’s image is on humanity, so he can lay claim to each individual life.

[20:24]  ¹¹ tn Grk “whose likeness and inscription does it have?”

[20:25]  ¹² tn Here δέ (de) has been translated as “so” to indicate that Jesus’ pronouncement results from the opponents’ answer to his question.

[20:25]  ¹³ sn Jesus’ answer to give to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s and to God the things that are God’s was a both/and, not the questioners’ either/or. So he slipped out of their trap.

[20:26]  ¹⁴ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “thus” to indicate the implied result of Jesus’ unexpected answer.

[20:26]  ¹⁵ tn On this term, see BDAG 374 s.v. ἐπιλαμβάνομαι 3.

[20:26]  ¹⁶ tn Grk “to trap him in a saying.”

[20:26]  ¹⁷ tn Or “amazed.”

[23:2]  ¹⁸ tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.

[23:2]  ¹⁹ sn They began to accuse him. There were three charges: (1) disturbing Jewish peace; (2) fomenting rebellion through advocating not paying taxes (a lie – 20:20-26); and (3) claiming to be a political threat to Rome, by claiming to be a king, an allusion to Jesus’ messianic claims. The second and third charges were a direct challenge to Roman authority. Pilate would be forced to do something about them.

[23:2]  ²⁰ tn On the use of the term διαστρέφω (diastrefw) here, see L&N 31.71 and 88.264.

[23:2]  sn Subverting our nation was a summary charge, as Jesus “subverted” the nation by making false claims of a political nature, as the next two detailed charges show.

[23:2]  ²¹ tn Grk “and forbidding.” Here καί (kai) has not been translated to suggest to the English reader that this and the following charge are specifics, while the previous charge was a summary one. See the note on the word “misleading” earlier in this verse.

[23:2]  ²² tn This was a “poll tax.” L&N 57.182 states this was “a payment made by the people of one nation to another, with the implication that this is a symbol of submission and dependence – ‘tribute tax.’”

[23:2]  ²³ tn Or “to the emperor” (“Caesar” is a title for the Roman emperor).

[23:2]  ²⁴ tn Or “Messiah”; both “Christ” (Greek) and “Messiah” (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean “one who has been anointed.”

[23:2]  sn See the note on Christ in 2:11.